Skip to content

Ullin T. Place (1924-2000)

Related Publications

References of Place (1988b). Skinner's distinction between rule-governed and contingency-shaped behaviour.

Ayer, A. J. (1947). Thinking and Meaning: Inaugural Lecture. H. K. Lewis.
[3 referring publications by Place]  

Brewer, W. F. (1974). There is no convincing evidence for operant or classical conditioning in adult humans. In W. B. Weimer & D. J. Palermo (Eds.), Cognition and the Symbolic Processes (pp. 1-34). Erlbaum.
[2 referring publications by Place]  

Chomsky, N. (1959). Review of B. F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior. Language, 35, 26-58.
[28 referring publications by Place]  

Dickinson, A. (1980). Contemporary Animal Learning Theory. Cambridge University Press.
[1 referring publications by Place]  

Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement Appleton-Century-Crofts.
[8 referring publications by Place]  

Geach, P. T. (1957) Mental Acts. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
[30 referring publications by Place]  

Lowe, C. F. (1979). Determinants of human operant behaviour. In M. D. Zeiler, & P. Harzem, P. (Eds.), Advances in the analysis of behaviour. Vol. 1 Reinforcement and the organisation of behaviour (pp. 159-192). Wiley.
[6 referring publications by Place]  

Lowe, C. F. (1983). Radical behaviourism and human psychology. In G. C. L. Davey (Ed.), Animal models and human behaviour (pp. 71-93). Wiley.
[6 referring publications by Place]  

Mackintosh, N. J. (1977). Conditioning as the perception of causal relations. In E. E. Butts, & J. Hintikka (Eds.), Foundational Problems in the Special Sciences (pp. 241-250). Reidel.
[1 referring publications by Place]  

Miller, S., & Konorski, J. (1928). Sur une forme particulière des réflexes conditionelles. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses Filiales, 99, 1155-1157.
Note:
[For a more detailed description of these experiments in English see Konorski (1948), pp. 211-235.] B. F. Skinner has translated this 1928 paper concerning the formation of Type 2 conditioned reflexes. Konorski comments on his original theses in a postscript. See: Miller, S., & Konorski, J. (1969). On a particular form of conditioned reflex. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12(1), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1969.12-187.
The article starts with this note of Skinner:
[Translator's Note: This important paper appeared under the title "Sur une forme particulière des réflexes conditionnels" in Les comptes rendus des séances de la société de Biologie. Société polonaise de biologie. Volume XCIX, page 1155, June 1928. When my paper "Two types of conditioned reflex and a pseudo-type" was published in The Journal of General Psychology (1935, 12, 66-67), Konorski and Miller replied in a paper called "On two types of conditioned reflex", which appeared in the same journal (1937, 16, 264-272). They sent me a copy and I was therefore able to answer in the same issue. The paper was called "Two types of conditioned reflex: a reply to Konorski and Miller". (1937, 16, 272-279.)
The present translation was sent to Professor Konorski and some changes suggested by him have been made. The word
particulière has a much richer meaning in French than in English. In addition to personal or private, it suggests something special or unusual. A key phrase appears in French as follows: The dog flexes its leg pour former ainsi le complexe conditionnel total.
Professor Konorski has supplied the Postscript, giving his present views.
B. F. Skinner
]
[4 referring publications by Place]  

Pavlov, I. P. (1938). Twenty Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity (Behaviour) of Animals (6th Edition). State Biological and Medical Publishing House.
[3 referring publications by Place]  

Ryle, G. (1949). The Concept of Mind. Hutchinson.
[83 referring publications by Place]  

Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal  behavior. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
[43 referring publications by Place]  

Skinner, B. F. (1966). An operant analysis of problem solving. In B. Kleinmuntz (Ed.) Problem Solving: Research, Method and Theory, Wiley. Reprinted as Chapter 6 of Skinner, B.F. (1969). Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis. Appleton-Century-Crofts. Reprinted as Skinner, B. F. (1984). An operant analysis of problem solving. Behavioral and brain sciences7(4), 583-591. Reprinted with peer comments and a reply in A. C. Catania & S. Harnad (Eds.), The selection of behavior. The operant behaviorism of B. F. Skinner: Comments and consequences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 218-236.
[Abstract]Behavior that solves a problem is distinguished by the fact that it changes another part of the solver's behavior and is strengthened when it does so. Problem solving typically involves the construction of discriminative stimuli. Verbal responses produce especially useful stimuli, because they affect other people. As a culture formulates maxims, laws, grammar, and science, its members behave more effectively without direct or prolonged contact with the contingencies thus formulated. The culture solves problems for its members, and does so by transmitting the verbal discriminative stimuli called rules. Induction, deduction, and the construction of models are ways of producing rules. Behavior that solves a problem may result from direct shaping by contingencies or from rules constructed either by the problem solver or by others. Because different controlling variables are involved, contingency-shaped behavior is never exactly like rule-governed behavior. The distinction must take account of (1) a system which establishes certain contingencies of reinforcement, such as some part of the natural environment, a piece of equipment, or a verbal community; (2) the behavior shaped and maintained by these contingencies; (3) rules, derived from the contingencies, which specify discriminative stimuli, responses, and consequences, and (4) the behavior occasioned by the rules.
[23 referring publications by Place]  

Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
[32 referring publications by Place]  

Skinner, B. F. (1975). The shaping of phylogenic behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 7, 117-120.
[10 referring publications by Place]  

Thorndike, E. L. (1911). Animal intelligence Macmillan.
[15 referring publications by Place]  

Vaughan, M. (1987). Rule governed behavior and higher mental processes. In S. and C. Modgil (Eds.), B. F. Skinner: Consensus and Controversy (pp. 257-264). Falmer Press.
[1 referring publications by Place]  

Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical Investigations (English translation by G. E. M. Anscombe). Basil Blackwell.
[55 referring publications by Place]